Network equipment

The physical equipment you need to build a computer network typically includes the following pieces of network hardware:

• Cables and connectors. These link the computers, printers, servers and other equipment on your network.
• A router or switch. This manages network traffic, ensuring devices can communicate with each other.
• A wireless access point. This allows people to connect to the network wirelessly.
• An internet connection. This could be a standard broadband line, or a high capacity, robust leased line.
• A hardware firewall. This creates a secure barrier between your network and the internet, blocking security threats.

Networks also often include a network server which acts as an IT hub and central files store.

Network hardware building blocks

Most businesses still build their network with cables. The most common type is called “Ethernet cable” and is rated for speed. “Cat 6” cable can carry data fast enough for any business purpose.

Ready-made cables are available in different lengths from network equipment suppliers. Expect to pay £1 or less for a one metre cable. Alternatively, with the right equipment you can make your own. Don’t pay more for branded cables – cheap ones are just as good.

When building their network, most businesses install network sockets at convenient locations in their premises. These cost about £2 each.

Switches and routers: important network components

Switches and routers act as signposts indicating where data on your network should go. They both perform the same basic job, enabling devices on your network to communicate with each other. However, while routers will actively manage your network to help ensure it performs well, switches are less efficient.

Your IT requirements and business growth plans are likely to dictate your choice of router or switch. You need a spare router connection for every piece of equipment you want to wire up to the network.

A basic router with four connections can cost from £50. A more advanced model, with 24 connections, could cost £200 or more.  

You can also add a wireless access point or use a wireless router so people can connect to your network wirelessly (as long as their computer has wireless technology).

Wireless is ideal for providing network access in meetings or common areas and can also be used to offer internet access to visitors. A wireless access point will cost from £20. Wireless routers start at £40.

Network equipment and the internet

You’ll almost certainly want to connect your network to the internet. The type of internet connection you use will determine what network equipment you need to do this.

If you rely on a broadband connection over a standard phone line and only have a few computers in your business, look for a router with built-in internet capability. These cost around £40 and may be all you need to set up a basic network.

If you have more than four computers or rely on a different type of connection, you might need a modem or gateway. Check with your internet provider.

Network equipment speeds

Most network equipment complies with common standards, so you can combine routers, cables and firewalls from different manufacturers. However, the speed of the slowest part of your network may limit the rest of it. So, for example, if all your cables and computers are rated to Cat 6, make sure your router is, too.